Ginkgo biloba is from an ornamental tree originating in China thousands of years ago. The ginkgo is the world's oldest living tree species. Ginkgo is available as ginkgo leaf, ginkgo leaf extract, and ginkgo seed. Ginkgo leaf extract is the most commonly used form.
Uses
There has been a large amount of research on the use and benefits of ginkgo. Most of the studies have been poorly designed, yielding questionable results. More well designed studies are needed in order to make valid recommendations regarding use and benefits.
Ginkgo extract is reported to aid in mental functioning and relieve muscle pain. It may have blood pressure lowering ability, inhibit blood clotting, and have anti-aging properties.
There is some amount of evidence that ginkgo may be helpful with the following conditions:
- Intermittent claudicaton
- Alzheimer's/multi-infarct dementia
- Cerebral insufficiency ( characterized by impaired concentration, confusion, decreased physical performance, fatigue, headache, dizziness, depression and anxiety)
There is indefinite but early evidence indicating gingko is beneficial for the following conditions:
- Memory enhancement in healthy people
- Altitude (mountain) sickness
- Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
- Reduction of chemotherapy induced end-organ vascular damage.
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) - use is controversial and a recent large trial showed evidence that it is not helpful
Precautions
Ginkgo is usually well tolerated but may increase bleeding and should be used cautiously by persons with known blood clotting problems or receiving blood thinners.
Ginkgo seeds are toxic and can cause seizures and loss of consciousness. They should not be consumed.
Insulin and blood sugar levels can theoretically be affected by ginkgo. Diabetics should be closedly monitored if taking ginkgo.
Consumption of ginkgo is not recommended in pregnancy or during breast feeding.
Side Effects
The use of ginkgo has produced rare side effects including:
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Stomach upset
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Muscle weakness
- Loss of muscle tone
- Restlessness
- Heart racing
- Rash
- Irritation around mouth
Dosing
Adult dose is generally 80 to 240 mg of a 50:1 standardized leaf extract taken daily by mouth in two to three divided doses. Ginkgo is not recommended for children. This herb has been taken safely by adults at recommended doses for up to six months.
Safety
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no assurance that the product you purchase is pure and of a specific concentration. There may also be contaminants present that could have harmful effects. These substances can interact with your current medications and with other supplements you may already be taking. Before taking any herb or supplement, you should tell your health care provider to receive appropriate advice.
Resources
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
